107 [10] All the experimental runs were conducted in a 108 recirculating system, which had a rainfall module 1. The flow regimes are differentiated with Reynolds . 2020 · Emmett (1970) defined the overland flow under rainfall as a ≪ disturbed laminar flow ≫. 【IT运维管理软件产品】锐捷网络为您提供各种IT运维管理软件产品，包括RIIL-BMC 综合业务管理平台、RIIL-Emotion 自动化运维平台、RIIL-RMC 服务请求管理软件等IT运维管理 … 2022 · As a result, the pulse boundary model fit the electrolyte transport processes very well under the different SWFDs. Once eroded soil enters overland flow, either as aggregates or primary particles, a significant proportion of it returns to the soil bed, forming a cohesionless deposited layer from which it can be removed again by the same erosion processes., 2007), so rill development is largely affected by flow erosivity and soil anti-erodibility. 2012 · Despite many efforts over the last decades to understand rill erosion processes, they remain unclear. Neglecting this effect, as in WEPP, may overestimate the rill flow erosivity and erosion amount.811, NSE = 0. The two parallel experiments under two snowmelt waterflow rates showed consistent results with respect to the process of runoff generation and sediment transport and in terms of the influence of thawed soil depth, thus demonstrating … 2018 · For a developing rill, the rill flow velocity is variable responding to the changing rill geometry; whereas the rill flow velocity shows limited variability with time for a … 2016 · After the flow discharge stabilised, flow depth measurements were taken using a level probe with an accuracy of 0. Introduction. · Rill flow hydraulic and hydrodynamic characteristics.
The Reynolds number was the best hydraulic parameter for predicting rill erosion. Once eroded soil enters overland flow, either as aggregates or primary particles, a significant proportion of it returns to the soil bed, forming a cohesionless deposited layer from which it can be removed again by the same erosion processes., 2022) for steady state overland flow that rill processes are linked to the distribution of dissipation rates and therefore affect the energy balance.4 and 1., & Poesen, J.80.
2021 · The average rill depth was the best indicator of rill morphology for evaluating rill erosion. Rill erosionSoil erosion by water is a function of complex interactions and feedbacks between topography, land use, and the processes and conditions that determine soil erodibility, e.,2008;Heetal. | Find, read and cite all the research you . Rills carry flow from interrill areas as well as the rain that directly falls on them., 2007, Knapen et al.
목포accommodation시설 45- and 1. Many mathematical models that simulate the details of runoff and erosion process in hillslopes, where the rill-interrill configuration significantly affects overland flow, employ Horton’s model for infiltration due … · The maximum rill flow depth and erosion intensity are about 2. Dc was positively correlated with soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity and negatively correlated with soil bulk density, water-stable aggregate content, organic . A simulation experiment was performed to investigate the effects of polyacrylamide application rates … · Rill flow velocity was the optimal flow hydraulic parameter and stream power was the optimal hydrodynamic parameter to characterize the rill erosion mechanisms.Rills are likely to occur when severe rainfalls hit bare soils []. · Rill flow occurs if the critical water level of sheet flow is exceeded.
The results show that the geometric and hydraulic properties of rill on the steep loess slopes, which are characterized by the mean width of cross sections, mean velocity and mean depth of flow, are related to discharge and slope gradient in power functions. 72 L of water are introduced with an intensity of 9 L min − 1 into a rill. Therefore, flow behavior in our study . The formation of head-cuts along the bed of long rills was an important erosion process affecting C and PSD. 2019 · The path tortuosity t is an indicator of rill morphology accounting for the deviation of the thalweg from a straight alignment. Rill erosion, as the initial stage of channel erosion, accounts for >80% of total eroded sediments on sloping farming lands in many parts of the world. Modeling sediment concentration of rill flow - ScienceDirect These studies found that subsurface water flow significantly increases rill erosion on surface soil slopes.25 times of Rill pattern 1 . In addition, soil materials around wet perimeter of rill sidewalls can absorb a small amount dyes and influence the dye dispersion (Fig.g. In this study, a special flume with variable slope gradients in upper and lower sections was implemented to measure the sediment transport capacity. Soil detachment by shallow flow happens when the maximum force exerted by highly turbulent water is … · It is based on the averaged overland flow concept that does not consider the difference between rill flow and inter-rill processes.
These studies found that subsurface water flow significantly increases rill erosion on surface soil slopes.25 times of Rill pattern 1 . In addition, soil materials around wet perimeter of rill sidewalls can absorb a small amount dyes and influence the dye dispersion (Fig.g. In this study, a special flume with variable slope gradients in upper and lower sections was implemented to measure the sediment transport capacity. Soil detachment by shallow flow happens when the maximum force exerted by highly turbulent water is … · It is based on the averaged overland flow concept that does not consider the difference between rill flow and inter-rill processes.
Rill Erosion on Slope of Spoil tips: experimental study of
2018 · Dc was positively correlated with flow velocity, shear stress, stream power and unit stream power, and flow velocity was the optimal hydrodynamic factor for predicting Dc. 2023 · The rill component of soil erosion is frequently dominant relative to the interrill one [2, 9]. Equation (3) presents the distribution of sediment concentration along a rill. The . 2017 · Flow velocity (including velocities of rill, inter-rill and lateral interfluve flow, which refers to inter-rill flow captured by rill) was measured using the dye tracing method, and in which KMnO 4 solution was used as a dye (Giménez and Govers 2001). Takken et al.
, 2009 . Limited information is currently available on how sediment transport affects rill flow resistance and the influence of hydraulic variables, as stream power, on sediment … 2000 · 1. The purposes of this … 2018 · At smaller slopes (≤15°), rill erosion and flow velocity quickly reached a steady-state; when the slope gradient was high (≥20°), the unsteady rill erosion period was maintained for a long time because of the strong erosion, resulting in a fluctuating decrease in flow velocity in the active period of rill erosion (He et al. There was a general increasing trend in D[4,3] with an increasing h / d under 2. First, the flow resistance equation was deduced applying dimensional analysis and the incomplete self-similarity condition for the flow velocity distribution.84 times that of UDQ.레알 챔스
[1998] for a wide range of situations. 2014 · Channels (rill, ephemeral gully, gully and river channel) exhibit a continuum of sizes and flow magnitudes. For Re greater than 2000 the rainfall intensity effects on flow resistance can be considered negligible ( Yoon and Wenzel, 1971 ), while . This method is promising to measure flow velocity in the eroding rills.0 cm from each side and at the center of the flume, and the depth was measured three times at each point, resulting in a total of 9 . At each distance, depths were, respectively, measured at points 1.
· The determination of the velocity in rill flow is the basis of studying the soil erosion. Therefore, the study on the mechanism and controlling measures of soil nutrient transport proposed is considered important. The impact of raindrops on a flow causes both an increase of flow turbulence and a retarding effect on flow velocity. This paper presents the results of rill experiments accomplished in Andalusia in September 2008 using a novel experimental set up.5 L min −1 m −1. This study used three experimental design methods, including the full .
5 to 2.610 m s −1 under the various SWFDs. Experimental runs were conducted for . The main aims were to (i) assess the effect of sediment transport on rill flow resistance, and (ii) test the slope-flow velocity relationship in fixed bed rills. Simultaneously, the rill provides a pathway for sediment transport surrounding the sheet erosion area. The action of the . , 1990). Soil erosion can be caused by overland flow, by rainsplash, and by the combination of overland flow and rainfall impact (Hairsine and Rose, 1991, Salles et al. Stepwise regression results indicated a positive dependence of the flow … 2017 · 1. Dye tracers have long been used for shallow overland and rill flow velocity measurements. The results show that the geometric and hydraulic properties of rill on the steep loess slopes, which are characterized by the mean width of cross sections, mean velocity and mean depth of flow, are related to discharge and slope gradient in power functions. 2002; Govers et al. Exid 아는 형님 The stream power was the best hydrodynamic … · Rill flow velocity was modeled by thawed soil depth, slope gradient, and rainfall intensity using an empirical function., 2018). Since rill erosion is formed by concentrated flow, investigating the erosion condition necessitates analyzing hydraulic and hydrodynamic factors.g. Modeling rill erosion is an … 2022 · For rill flow, α increased linearly with increasing rill width, depth and cross-sectional area.2. rill是什么意思_rill怎么读_rill翻译_用法_发音_词组_同反义词
The stream power was the best hydrodynamic … · Rill flow velocity was modeled by thawed soil depth, slope gradient, and rainfall intensity using an empirical function., 2018). Since rill erosion is formed by concentrated flow, investigating the erosion condition necessitates analyzing hydraulic and hydrodynamic factors.g. Modeling rill erosion is an … 2022 · For rill flow, α increased linearly with increasing rill width, depth and cross-sectional area.2.
미터법링나사1～50개입 EA 18 아이볼트 한국미스미 - 수량 ea For laboratory experiments, a rainfall simulator has been constructed together with a 6.4.67, 0. Assessment of the interrill and rill contributions to total soil loss from an upland field plot. Furthermore, the simulations indicate an almost equal partitioning of kinetic energy into the sheet and the rill flow component., 2008).
The sediment concentration was determined with the traditional oven-dry method. 2023 · The results allowed for stating that (i) the theoretical flow resistance approach can predict Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for flows over fixed and mobile beds, (ii) the … The product of stream power and mean specific potential energy of a rock fragment at a given rill site explained 61 per cent of the variation in rock fragment transport distance between the rill sites.417 × 10 − 3 m 3 /s. 2021 · The rill sediment transport capacity value is widely used to clarify the soil erosion processes under overland flow conditions, which are sensitive to many hydraulic and sediment property parameters such as flow discharge rate, water depth, slope gradient, sediment particle sizes, and soil cohesion (Abrahams and Gao, 2006, Zhang et al. After water flowing in a rill became stable, three sediment samples were collected from the outlet of a rill. 2013 · The results show that thermal tracers can be used to estimate both overland and rill flow velocities, since measurements are similar to those resulting from using dye tracers.
1997 · This result was due to interactions of slope gradient, flow rate, erosion, and the formation of rill roughness, bed structures, and head cuts. 2016 · The rill detachment capacity of a soil due to the overland flow is strictly linked to the rill erodibility and critical shear stress. 2020 · Flow velocity is an important parameter for rill erosion process studies.8–2. A theoretical rill flow resistance equation, obtained by the integration of a power velocity distribution, was assessed using available measurements at plot scale with a biochar added soil. Gauze cloth approximately 0. Flow resistance of overland flow on a smooth bed under
2017 · A new theoretical flow resistance equation is proposed for step-pool rills.610 m s−1 under the various . In conclusion, there were important impacts of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on rill erosion processes and its hydrodynamic characteristics.05–1. Sep 9, 2010 · The experiments were performed to study how rill networks initiate and evolve over time under controlled conditions with regard to the treatment variables considered, and to allow for input in a computer simulation model., 2017): ϕ dv dy, y, h, d, u ∗, s, ϱ, μ, g = 0 in which ϕ is a functional symbol, … 2023 · The rill flow needed to overcome the greater resistance to pass through irregular rill channel, which leads to consume more energy, and decreases the flow velocity.아 프리 캇 ㅍ -
Nine depths were measured for each combination of flow discharge and slope gradient, and each combination was . Sep 21, 2022 · Once rill forms on a slope, the slope flow will converge into concentrated rill flow by inter-rill flow, and the slope runoff velocity and flow depth will increase to varying degrees, leading to the intensification of slope soil erosion [4,5,6]. However, the rill development on the frozen slope was completely different from that of the unfrozen and shallow-thawed slopes.7 mm and 128 kg/m 2, respectively. 4 b).79–6.
[1997, 1999] and by Takken et al. 2018 · The rough estimation of flow depth in the rill also enhances the uncertainty., 1984) and for this reason to study and model rill erosion processes, in addition to flow discharge, other hydraulic variables as surface width, water depth, mean flow velocity and roughness coefficient must be defined (Gilley et al. This study aims to verify the performances of Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) rill erosion equation using loess material by investigating the variations of soil detachment rate with sediment load by rill flow, quantifying the response of soil detachment rate to sediment load, and comprehensively examining WEPP rill … 2020 · The flow over the spoil heap belonged to supercritical flow and the critical inflow rate controlling the transformation from transitional flow to turbulent flow for rill flow was between 0.202 to 0. 2022 · Rill development is the process of soil detachment and sediment transport by concentrated surface flow (Kimaro et al.
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